87+ Document Databases Ranked & Compared

Compare document databases ranked by GitHub stars, flexibility, and developer adoption.

Last updated: May 20, 2026
78 databases
1Elasticsearch
Elasticsearch
76.7k+184 30d

Distributed search and analytics engine built on Apache Lucene for full-text search, observability, and security

Search·2010·Elastic-2.0·Java
2Redis
Redis
74.4k+529 30d

In-memory data store used as a database, cache, message broker, and streaming engine

Key-Value·2009·RSALv2 / SSPLv1 / AGPLv3 (triple-licensed)·C
3SurrealDB
SurrealDB
32.1k+246 30d

Multi-model database combining documents, graphs, vectors, and time-series with built-in API layer and real-time capabilities

Multi-Model·2022·BSL-1.1·Rust
4MongoDB
MongoDB
28.3k+87 30d

The most popular document database for modern applications

Document·2009·SSPL·C++, JavaScript, Python
5RethinkDB
RethinkDB
27.0k−3 30d

Open-source document database designed for real-time push updates to applications

Document·2012·Apache-2.0·C++
6RxDB
RxDB
23.2k+54 30d

A fast, local-first, reactive database for JavaScript applications with real-time replication

Document·2016·Apache-2.0·TypeScript
7lowdb
lowdb
22.5k+10 30d

Simple and fast JSON database for small projects and prototyping

Document·2014·MIT·JavaScript
8PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL
21.0k+325 30d

The world's most advanced open-source relational database

Relational·1996·PostgreSQL License·C
9PouchDB
PouchDB
17.6k−8 30d

The database that syncs -- an open-source JavaScript database inspired by CouchDB for offline-first apps

Document·2012·Apache-2.0·JavaScript
10FoundationDB
FoundationDB
16.3k+65 30d

Distributed, transactional key-value store with multi-model layers and strict serializability

Key-Value·2013·Apache-2.0·C++, Flow
11Dexie.js
Dexie.js
14.3k+70 30d

Minimalistic IndexedDB wrapper for offline-first web apps with real-time sync

Embedded·2014·Apache-2.0·TypeScript
12ArangoDB
ArangoDB
14.2k+18 30d

Multi-model database unifying document, graph, and key-value in a single engine with AQL

Multi-Model·2012·BUSL-1.1·C++, JavaScript
13OpenSearch
OpenSearch
13.0k+180 30d

Community-driven open-source search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch

Search·2021·Apache-2.0·Java
14KeyDB
KeyDB
12.5k+19 30d

Multithreaded Redis fork with higher throughput and active replication

Key-Value·2019·BSD-3-Clause·C++, C
15Convex
Convex
11.6k+321 30d

Reactive backend database with real-time sync, TypeScript-native queries, and built-in serverless functions

Document·2022·BUSL-1.1·Rust, TypeScript
16FerretDB
FerretDB
10.9k+25 30d

Open-source MongoDB alternative that translates MongoDB wire protocol to PostgreSQL and SQLite

Document·2021·Apache-2.0·Go
17YugabyteDB
YugabyteDB
10.3k+60 30d

PostgreSQL-compatible distributed SQL database with high resilience and geo-distribution

Relational·2017·Apache-2.0·C++, Java
18LiteDB
LiteDB
9.4k+9 30d

Lightweight embedded .NET NoSQL document database stored in a single file

Document·2015·MIT·C#
19Deep Lake
Deep Lake
9.1k+39 30d

GPU-native vector and multimodal data lake for AI agents with deep learning integrations

Vector·2020·Apache-2.0·Python, C++
20immudb
immudb
9.0k+11 30d

Immutable, tamperproof database with cryptographic verification for zero-trust environments

Multi-Model·2019·BUSL-1.1·Go
21Vespa
Vespa
6.9k+39 30d

Open-source big data serving engine combining search, recommendation, and real-time AI at scale

Search·2017·Apache-2.0·Java, C++
22Apache CouchDB
Apache CouchDB
6.9k+18 30d

Seamless multi-master sync with an intuitive HTTP/JSON API

Document·2005·Apache-2.0·Erlang, JavaScript, C
23LokiJS
LokiJS
6.8k−8 30d

Super fast in-memory JavaScript document-oriented database for browser and Node.js

Document·2013·MIT·JavaScript
24OrientDB
OrientDB
5.0k+5 30d

Multi-model database combining graph, document, key-value, and object models with SQL support and ACID transactions

Multi-Model·2010·Apache-2.0·Java
25CrateDB
CrateDB
4.4k+3 30d

Distributed SQL database for real-time analytics on massive datasets with PostgreSQL compatibility

Multi-Model·2014·Apache-2.0·Java
26TypeDB
TypeDB
4.3k+31 30d

Polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, strong type system, and symbolic reasoning engine

Graph·2016·MPL-2.0·Rust
27Isar
Isar
4.0k+3 30d

Extremely fast, fully async NoSQL database for Flutter with powerful queries and full-text search

Embedded·2021·Apache-2.0·Dart, Rust
28RavenDB
RavenDB
3.9k+5 30d

ACID document database with integrated full-text search, time series, and distributed counters

Document·2010·AGPL-3.0 / Commercial·C#
29Tarantool
Tarantool
3.6k+12 30d

In-memory computing platform combining a database and Lua application server for extreme performance

Multi-Model·2010·BSD-2-Clause·C, Lua
30TerminusDB
TerminusDB
3.3k+34 30d

Git-like version control for structured data with graph and document models

Graph·2019·Apache-2.0·Prolog, JavaScript, Rust
31Triplit
Triplit
3.1k+8 30d

Full-stack syncing database that runs on both server and client with real-time sync and offline support

Document·2023·AGPL-3.0·TypeScript
32XTDB
XTDB
3.0k+31 30d

Immutable bitemporal SQL database for time-travel reporting and data compliance

Document·2019·MPL-2.0·Clojure, Java
33AgensGraph
AgensGraph
1.5k+2 30d

Multi-model graph database built on PostgreSQL with SQL and Cypher support

Graph·2016·Apache-2.0·C
34EJDB
EJDB
1.5k+2 30d

Lightweight embeddable JSON database engine with XPath-like query language for C/C++ applications

Document·2012·MIT·C
35Aerospike
Aerospike
1.3k+8 30d

Flash-optimized distributed NoSQL database for real-time applications at massive scale

Key-Value·2012·AGPL-3.0·C
36Percona Server for MySQL

Free, fully compatible, enhanced open-source drop-in replacement for MySQL with superior performance and scalability

Relational·2008·GPL-2.0·C++, C
37ArcadeDB
ArcadeDB
888+74 30d

Multi-model database supporting graphs, documents, key-value, vectors, time-series, and search in one engine

Multi-Model·2021·Apache-2.0·Java
38BaseX
BaseX
758+3 30d

Lightweight, high-performance XML database and XQuery processor with full-text search and visualization

Document·2005·BSD-3-Clause·Java
39ZODB
ZODB
754+1 30d

Native Python object database with transparent persistence, MVCC, and undo support

Document·1998·ZPL-2.1·Python, C
40AceBase
AceBase
520−1 30d

Fast, low-memory realtime NoSQL database for Node.js and browser with Firebase-compatible data sync

Document·2020·MIT·TypeScript, JavaScript
41eXist-db
eXist-db
4640 30d

Open-source native XML database and application platform with XQuery processing

Document·2001·LGPL-2.1·Java
42Fluree
Fluree
385+9 30d

Immutable, ledger-backed semantic graph database with native RDF and JSON-LD support

Graph·2016·EPL-2.0·Clojure
43Apache Jackrabbit

Java Content Repository (JCR) implementation for hierarchical content storage with versioning and search

Document·2004·Apache-2.0·Java
44Percona Server for MongoDB

Enhanced open-source MongoDB drop-in replacement with enterprise-grade security and backup features

Document·2016·SSPL·C++, JavaScript
45Actian NoSQL Database

Object-oriented database for complex data models with native language integration

Document·1988·proprietary·C, C++, Java
46AllegroGraph

Neuro-symbolic AI platform combining RDF knowledge graphs, vector store, and SPARQL in a transactional graph database

Graph·2004·Commercial (free edition available)·Common Lisp, C
47Amazon DocumentDB

Fully managed MongoDB-compatible document database with fast performance and up to 10 global regions

Document·2019·proprietary
48Amazon DynamoDB

Serverless, fully managed NoSQL key-value and document database with single-digit millisecond performance at any scale

Key-Value·2012·proprietary
49Azure Cosmos DB

Globally distributed, multi-model database service with turnkey multi-region replication and single-digit millisecond latency

Multi-Model·2017·proprietary·C++, C#
50CloudKit

Apple's cloud database service for seamless data sync across all Apple platforms

Document·2014·proprietary
51CortexDB

Self-learning multi-model NoSQL database with automatic normalization to 6th normal form

Multi-Model·2014·proprietary·C++
52Couchbase

Multi-model NoSQL database for enterprise applications with SQL++ support

Multi-Model·2011·BSL 1.1 / Apache-2.0 (Community)·C++, Go, Erlang, C
53Datameer

SaaS analytics and data transformation platform built natively on Snowflake

Analytics·2009·Commercial
54EDB Postgres Advanced Server

Enterprise PostgreSQL distribution with Oracle compatibility, advanced security, and distributed high availability

Relational·2005·Commercial·C
55FairCom DB

Multi-model embedded database engine with ISAM, SQL, and JSON APIs over a single data set

Multi-Model·1979·proprietary·C
56FairCom EDGE

IoT edge database and data integration platform for industrial and smart-device applications

Multi-Model·2018·proprietary·C
57Firebase Realtime Database

Google's cloud-hosted NoSQL JSON database with real-time sync across all connected clients

Document·2012·proprietary
58Firestore

Serverless, fully managed NoSQL document database with real-time sync and offline support for mobile and web apps

Document·2017·proprietary
59Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres

Enterprise-hardened PostgreSQL with advanced security, high availability, and AI capabilities

Relational·2014·proprietary·C
60GemStone/S

Smalltalk-based object database for scalable, transactional multi-tier business applications

Multi-Model·1986·Proprietary·Smalltalk, C
61GigaSpaces XAP

In-memory computing platform for real-time analytics and extreme transaction processing

Key-Value·2000·Proprietary·Java
62Google Cloud Datastore

Highly scalable NoSQL document database with automatic sharding and ACID transactions

Document·2013·Proprietary
63HPE Ezmeral Data Fabric

Converged data platform with integrated NoSQL database, file system, and event streams for hybrid cloud

Multi-Model·2009·proprietary·C++, Java
64IBM Cloudant

Fully managed CouchDB-compatible JSON document database with global distribution and serverless scaling

Document·2010·proprietary·Erlang, JavaScript, C
65IBM Informix

Enterprise object-relational database with seamless SQL, NoSQL, time-series, and spatial data integration

Relational·1980·proprietary·C
66InfinityDB

Embedded Java NoSQL database with flexible multi-value data model and concurrent B+Tree storage

Key-Value·2002·proprietary·Java
67InterSystems IRIS

High-performance multi-model data platform unifying SQL, objects, documents, and key-value access on a single engine

Multi-Model·2018·proprietary·C, C++, ObjectScript
68JADE

Integrated object-oriented development platform with a native object database for end-to-end application building

Document·1996·proprietary·C++
69KingbaseES

China's leading Oracle-compatible enterprise relational database with multi-model support and 99.999% uptime

Relational·1999·proprietary·C, C++
70MarkLogic

Enterprise multi-model database combining documents, graph, and search with government-grade security

Multi-Model·2001·proprietary·C++
71Northgate Reality

Original commercial Pick/MultiValue database with over 50 years of development and SQL interoperability

Multi-Model·1973·proprietary·C
72OpenInsight

NoSQL MultiValue database development suite for Windows and web application development

Multi-Model·1992·proprietary·C++
73Oracle

Enterprise-grade multi-model database with AI-native capabilities

Relational·1979·Oracle Commercial License·C, C++
74Oracle NoSQL Database

Distributed NoSQL database providing key-value, table, and document data models with ACID transactions

Key-Value·2011·Apache-2.0 (Community Edition)·Java
75Realm

Fast, reactive mobile database designed as a modern replacement for Core Data and SQLite

Document·2014·Commercial (now MongoDB Atlas Device SDKs)·C++, Objective-C, Swift
76SAP HANA

In-memory relational database for real-time analytics and transactional processing in enterprise environments

Relational·2010·proprietary·C++
77searchxml

All-in-one XML database combining repository, database engine, application server, and standard client

Document·proprietary
78SQL Server

Enterprise relational database with built-in AI and analytics

Relational·1989·Microsoft Commercial License·C, C++

What is a Document Database?

A document database stores data as semi-structured documents — typically JSON, BSON, or XML — rather than in fixed rows and columns. Each document can have a different structure, making document databases ideal for applications where schemas evolve rapidly. Documents can nest objects and arrays, representing complex data in a single record without joins. MongoDB is the most widely adopted document database, followed by CouchDB, Amazon DocumentDB, and newer options like FerretDB (MongoDB-compatible on PostgreSQL).

When to Use a Document Database

Document databases are the right choice when your data is hierarchical or varies between records — content management systems, user profiles, product catalogs, and event logging. They excel when you need fast iteration on your data model without schema migrations, and when most queries access a single document at a time. Consider relational databases instead when you need complex multi-table joins, strict schema enforcement, or ACID transactions across multiple records.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a document database and a relational database?
Relational databases store data in fixed tables with predefined schemas — every row has the same columns. Document databases store data as flexible JSON-like documents where each record can have different fields. Relational databases excel at joins and transactions across multiple tables. Document databases excel when data is hierarchical (nested objects/arrays) and accessed as whole documents. MongoDB is the most popular document database; PostgreSQL is the most popular relational one.
Is MongoDB the only document database?
No. While MongoDB is by far the most popular, alternatives include CouchDB (with built-in replication and offline-first design), Amazon DocumentDB (MongoDB-compatible managed service), FerretDB (open-source MongoDB alternative running on PostgreSQL), ArangoDB (multi-model with document support), and Couchbase (combining document and key-value). Many relational databases like PostgreSQL also support JSON document storage natively via JSONB columns.
When should I use MongoDB vs PostgreSQL?
Use MongoDB when your data is naturally document-shaped (nested objects, varying fields), you need fast schema iteration, and most queries access single documents. Use PostgreSQL when you need complex joins across tables, strict data integrity with ACID transactions, or when your data is relational in nature. PostgreSQL's JSONB support means you can store some document data alongside relational data — many teams use PostgreSQL as a hybrid solution.
Can document databases handle relationships between data?
Document databases support references between documents (similar to foreign keys) and embedded subdocuments (nesting related data within a parent). However, joins are either unsupported or significantly slower than in relational databases. The common pattern is to denormalize — embed related data directly in the document — which is fast for reads but requires careful handling of updates. If your application depends heavily on relationships and joins, a relational or graph database is a better fit.
Are document databases good for large-scale applications?
Yes. MongoDB powers some of the largest applications in the world and supports horizontal scaling through native sharding. Document databases handle high write throughput well and can distribute data across clusters. Couchbase, Amazon DocumentDB, and MongoDB Atlas all offer managed scaling. The tradeoff is that complex aggregations across shards are slower than in purpose-built analytics databases like ClickHouse or DuckDB.

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